Frequency converter is a power control device that uses frequency conversion technology and microelectronics technology to control AC motors by changing the frequency of the motor’s operating power supply. The frequency converter is mainly composed of rectifier (AC to DC), filtering, inverter (DC to AC), braking unit, drive unit, detection unit, microprocessing unit, etc. The inverter relies on the internal IGBT switch to adjust the voltage and frequency of the output power supply, and provides the required power supply voltage according to the actual needs of the motor, thereby achieving the goals of soft start, energy saving and consumption reduction, and variable frequency speed regulation of the AC asynchronous motor.
Since the frequency converter can adjust the motor speed in real time according to actual needs, it can reduce the overall power consumption of the motor operation and improve the equipment control level. In addition, the frequency converter has many protection functions, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and overload protection.
There are several classifications of frequency converters according to different standards. According to different input voltage levels, it can be divided into low-voltage inverters (below 380V), medium-voltage inverters (below 2.3kV) and high-voltage inverters (above 3kV); according to the main circuit working mode, it can be divided into voltage-type inverters and current-type inverters; according to different switching methods, they can be divided into PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) and PWM (pulse width modulation) control inverters; according to different control methods, they are mainly divided into V/F control inverters and vector control Frequency converters, etc.; according to different uses, they are mainly divided into general frequency converters, special frequency converters, etc.
Before the birth of the frequency converter, due to the inability to freely adjust the motor speed, in order to achieve a certain movement purpose, traditional machinery had to add many accessories. This not only increased the complexity and cost of the overall system, but also limited the performance and development of the equipment. Therefore, it has become an urgent need to introduce simple and efficient motor speed control technology, and the frequency converter is based on this need.
Since then, with the development of inverter components, control theory and control technology, the performance of inverters has continued to improve. During this period, developed countries such as Europe, the United States, and Japan quickly seized the market by virtue of their advantages in electronic component production and electronic technology. Compared with developed countries, my country’s inverter industry started late. It was not until the 1990s that inverters were gradually recognized by the majority of users. Since the 21st century, with the strong support of the country, domestic inverter manufacturers have been absorbing foreign inverter technology. On the basis of continuous innovation and beginning to try independent research and development and production, the production scale and product performance have developed rapidly.
(2) Current status of motor drive and control industry
At present, the global low-voltage inverter market in the industrial automation industry can be mainly divided into two major factions: European and American and Japanese. Representative manufacturers of European and American include Siemens, ABB, Schneider, etc., while representative manufacturers of Japanese include Yaskawa, Mitsubishi, Fuji, etc. European and American manufacturers are better at large-scale automation systems, while Japanese manufacturers are better at small-scale systems. In the field of large-scale engineering electrical transmission, European and American brands have a high market share. In the field of small machinery equipment manufacturing, Japanese brands have a larger market share.
Due to years of continuous R&D investment, the advantages of domestic inverter products in terms of performance, reliability, pre-sales and after-sales services, and cost control have gradually emerged. Domestic inverter companies represented by Inovance Technology and INVT are gradually seizing foreign brands. market, and its market share continues to increase.
At present, domestic low-voltage inverters have been widely used in elevators, wind power, rail transit, hoisting machinery, logistics equipment, petrochemical industry, wires and cables, plastic machinery, textile machinery, woodworking machinery, air compressors, CNC machine tools, printing machinery, and packaging. Machinery, metal rolling, building materials, ceramic equipment, fans and pumps and other fields.
According to MIR Rui Industrial data, my country’s low-voltage inverter market will exceed 30 billion in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 17%, and the growth rate will hit a new high. In the context of increasing market demand and rising raw material prices, both volume and price have increased. On the one hand, the surge in export orders in 2021 has brought about a rapid increase in demand for low-voltage inverters in downstream industries (such as textile machinery, packaging machinery, plastic machinery, etc.). At the same time, the rapid development of advanced manufacturing industries such as machine tools, electronics and semiconductors, and logistics automation has also It has brought about the demand for industrial control products.
From the perspective of downstream industries, the top five application areas are hoisting, elevators, machine tools, textiles and logistics. From the perspective of market demand growth drivers, the short-term market benefits from the increase in fixed asset investment in the manufacturing industry, the entry of real estate into the completion cycle and the recovery of consumer demand; in the medium and long term, the automation upgrade of the manufacturing industry and the carbon neutral policy promote the rise of energy-saving applications. All are conducive to maintaining a good prosperity in the low-voltage inverter industry.
(3) Development trends of motor drive and control industry
In recent years, my country’s low-voltage frequency converter market has maintained a high growth rate, and the frequency converter market has huge room for development. With the development of microprocessors, high-speed communications, power electronics and other technologies, inverters will develop in the direction of intelligence, customization and integration in the future.
One is intelligence. As a driving unit for intelligent manufacturing, the frequency converter itself also needs to be more intelligent. In addition to completing motor driving functions such as speed control and torque control, the frequency converter must also be able to control the current, voltage, temperature, speed, etc. of the driven equipment and itself. Multi-dimensional online monitoring realizes fault diagnosis and fault warning functions through monitoring parameters, reducing abnormal shutdowns and avoiding fault expansion.
The second is customization. With the continuous expansion of market application fields, inverters must continue to meet the personalized needs of customers while constantly meeting the basic performance and functional requirements of equipment. To this end, on the basis of universal frequency converters, we customize personalized products for customers, improve customer production efficiency, reduce costs, and create value for customers.
The third is integration. With the development of microelectronics technology, high-speed communication technology, and power electronics technology, automatic control systems will become smaller and smaller in size and more powerful in function. In order to reduce the difficulty of customers’ electronic control applications, integrating various components of the system such as frequency converters, control systems, low-voltage electrical appliances, display units, etc. can simplify the control system structure, reduce costs, and improve reliability.
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